Este estudio exploró los discursos y sus procesos de subjetivación que realizan los interventores psicosociales de infancia y adolescencia que participan en dispositivos del Estado de Chile. A partir de la metodología cualitativa, entrevistas semiestructuradas y análisis crítico del discurso. Los resultados muestran significados de la infancia y adolescencia asociados al cuidado, al peligro y a un sujeto de derechos con agencia. Este último, resiste a la violencia institucional mediante el apoyo mutuo entre pares y con los interventores. Esta investigación (...) subraya la importancia de intervenciones psicosociales participativas con una infancia y adolescencia como agentes sociales y políticos. (shrink)

Neste artigo se abordará o problema do autoconhecimento no _Fedro_ de Platão pelo viés da narrativa (διηγήσις). Partir-se-á da “narrativa dos sincoribantes” (228a5-b4) a fim de se qualificar a associação vaga que Sócrates tece entre o conhecimento de si e o conhecimento do outro. Propor-se-á que o uso específico da narrativa para tratar do “si mesmo” produz um jogo especular entre o si mesmo e o outro que não se limita à mera reflexão de si, mas é produtivo ou transformador. (...) Em seguida, debruçar-se-á sobre a grande narrativa de Sócrates sobre a alma (246e4-56e2) para interpretar a elaboração alegórica dessa dinâmica. Dessa forma, delinear-se-á uma concepção de autoconhecimento em que só se chega ao si mesmo por meio de um esforço de cooperação com o outro, que se inicia no discurso narrativo. (shrink)

O presente artigo se constrói no marco teórico da Análise de Discurso (AD) de linha francesa, considerando as reformulações e ampliações que têm sido propostas no Brasil. A temática abordada é constitutiva do discurso editorialista em torno da Democracia e da dinâmico do jogo político no cenário nacional. Nosso olhar repousa nos saberes próprios das formações discursivas que são constitutivas do discurso da imprensa enquanto forma de produção da opinião pública. Analisamos as marcas linguístico-discursivas buscando tornar visíveis as formas de (...) dizer do discurso da mídia e as relações com suas condições de produção. As estruturas homogeneizadas pelo dizer comportam relações com implícitos e com um imaginário já instituído. No interdiscurso, buscamos o contínuo discursivo desencadeado pelo discurso da imprensa e neste o funcionamento ideológico que se possibilita no jogo discursivo que ali se apresenta. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Reviewed by:Christ in the Life and Teaching of Gregory of Nazianzus by Andrew Hofer, O.P.Lewis AyresChrist in the Life and Teaching of Gregory of Nazianzus. By Andrew Hofer, O.P. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. Pp. xi + 270. $105.00 (cloth). ISBN 978-0-19-968194-5.Fr. Andrew Hofer has written a cleverly conceived treatise on Gregory Nazianzen, one whose main focus is Gregory’s vision of his own life (and the life of Christians (...) more generally) as both imitatio Christi and participatio Christi. Hofer grounds his account of this imitatio and participatio in Gregory’s core dogmatic account of the person of Christ. The book thus offers us a study, focusing on one central author, of the ways in which a Nicene Christology could shape and stimulate (as well as be shaped and stimulated by) an account of the Christian life.The first chapter is an extended meditation on the nature of the “word” in Gregory. Here, Hofer begins by exploring how Gregory situates himself in the ancient battle—or at least the ancient literary topos of such a battle—between philosophy and rhetoric. Not surprisingly, Hofer emphasizes that Gregory sees himself as a philosopher, but one for whom the Christian life offers the true form of a philosophical life. The discussion then turns toward ways in which Gregory sees the Scriptures as providing a basis for discussing and modeling virtually all aspects of the Christian life. Hofer offers a little discussion of the manner in which Gregory adapts ancient rhetorical traditions of, for example, the paradeigma (see 44), but these debts are acknowledged mostly en passant.The second chapter takes us to the heart of the book and does an excellent job of setting up the author’s theme. Considering Gregory’s poetic auto-biographical [End Page 314] writing, Hofer argues that Gregory not only “blends Christ into the troubles, fears, and joys of his own life” but that he also “makes present the baptismal mysteries of one’s life immersed in Christ’s life” (56). In chapter 5, this extra dimension will receive a foundation in an account of the ways in which Gregory sees Christians drawn into the very events of Christ’s life (156-60, commenting particularly on Gregory’s Or. 40). There, Hofer emphasizes that Christ’s life is itself “a mimesis of ours” (160), creating realities that may be models for ours, models into which we are then drawn. But, in chapter 2 itself, Hofer’s main concern is to show the sheer variety of ways in which Gregory interweaves the scriptural account of Christ’s life and ministry with his own. This complex set of reference styles is termed Gregory’s “autobiographical Christology.”Chapter 3 pursues this agenda by turning to the ways in which Gregory uses the terminology of “mixture” to describe Christ—and to describe Christ’s relationship to Christians. It is this chapter that Stanley Hauerwas, were he endorsing the book, would say is “worth the price of the book alone.” Two things are particularly noteworthy. The first is the helpful discussion of the philosophical traditions that lie behind the terms Gregory uses. Hofer wishes us to take seriously traditions of thought on this theme that run between Aristotle and Alexander of Aphrodisias, rather than to place most weight on the Stoic tradition. Hofer advocates for his thesis in a sensitive fashion, emphasizing the difficulty in distinguishing distinct traditions in late antiquity. Second, there is much to be learned from the manner in which Hofer stretches discussion of Christ himself as “mixture” so that it provides insight into Gregory’s account of the Christian’s relationship with Christ.Chapter 4 follows a similar pattern, showing that a discussion of Christ’s person in Gregory’s writings (in this case, the famous sequence epp. 101, 102, and 202) has repercussions for wider themes. This chapter is less successful, in large part because of the sheer scale of the exercise attempted by Hofer. The largest section of the chapter (123-47) offers an extended discussion of Gregory’s ep. 101. This famous letter gives an extended critique of Christological error. Hofer begins by situating... (shrink)

Uptake and Conventionality in Illocution The aim of this paper is to put forward a new way of conceiving of the conventionality of illocutionary acts, grounded in a new look at Austin's original ideas. While the indispensability of uptake has correctly been deemed to be a hallmark of illocution, it has also been taken as evidence of the intention-based nature of illocutionary acts as opposed to their alleged conventionality. After discussing the readings of the "securing of uptake" offered by Strawson (...) and Searle and commenting on the consequently established divide between "communicative" and conventional speech acts, I claim that illocutionary acts are conventional, first of all, because they have conventional effects. I show that Austin took such effects to be essential to illocution and argue that the bringing about of conventional effects is bound up with the indispensability of uptake. (shrink)

Replicability is usually considered to be one of the cornerstones of science; however, the growing recognition of nonreplicable experiments and studies in scientific journals—a phenomenon that has been called ‘replicability crisis’—has spurred a debate on the meaning, function, and significance of replicability in science. Amid this discussion, it has become clear that replicability is not a monolithic concept; what is still controversial is exactly how the distinction between different kinds of replicability should be laid out terminologically and conceptually, and to (...) what extent it bears on the more general debate on the centrality of replicability in science. This paper’s goals are to clarify the different uses of the terms related to replicability and, more importantly, to conceptually specify the kinds of replicability and their respective epistemic functions. (shrink)

Quantum mechanics is arguably our most successful physical theory, yet the nature of the quantum state still constitutes an ongoing controversy. This paper proposes, articulates, and defends a metaphysical interpretation of the quantum state that is fictionalist in spirit since it regards quantum states as representing a fictional ontology. Such an ontology is therefore not physical, and yet it provides a reference for the language used in quantum mechanics and has explanatory power. In this sense, this view, akin to Allori’s (...) recent account of wavefunctionalism, combines elements of the representationalist and anti-representationalist camps and aims to be the best of both worlds. (shrink)

We propose that the epistemic functions of replication in science are best understood by relating them to kinds of experimental error/uncertainty. One kind of replication, which we call “direct replications,” principally serves to assess the reliability of an experiment through its precision: the presence and degree of random error/statistical uncertainty. The other kind of replication, which we call “conceptual replications,” principally serves to assess the validity of an experiment through its accuracy: the presence and degree of systematic errors/uncertainties. To illustrate (...) the aptness of this general view, we examine the Hubble constant controversy in astronomy, showing how astronomers have responded to the concordances and discordances in their results by carrying out the different kinds of replication that we identify, with the aim of establishing a precise, accurate value for the Hubble constant. We contrast our view with Machery's “re-sampling” account of replication, which maintains that replications only assess reliability. (shrink)

This essay traces the changing relationship between horticulture, agriculture, and philosophy across the seventeenth century, as the personae of the philosophical husbandman and the philosophical gardener intertwined and competed. At stake in the dynamics between them was the relationship between abstruse researches and practical applications in evolving experimental philosophy, as well as the aesthetic of experimental practices and rhetoric. Early seventeenth-century promoters of colonial projects, such as Virginian sericulture, situated the metropolitan pleasure garden, a place of whimsy and fantastical reasoning, (...) as a realm of trial that presumed eventual utility and application to large-scale husbandry. Such views informed relationships between fanciful trials, speculative proposals, and presumptions of future utility in the development of the persona of the philosophical gardener and attendant notions of experimental philosophy over the course of the century. (shrink)

The living mycelium networks are capable of efficient sensorial fusion over very large areas and distributed decision making. The information processing in the mycelium networks is implemented via propagation of electrical and chemical signals en pair with morphological changes in the mycelium structure. These information processing mechanisms are manifested in experimental laboratory findings that show that the mycelium networks exhibit rich dynamics of neuron-like spiking behaviour and a wide range of non-linear electrical properties. On an example of a single real (...) colony of _Aspergillus niger_, we demonstrate that the non-linear transformation of electrical signals and trains of extracellular voltage spikes can be used to implement logical gates and circuits. The approaches adopted include numerical modelling of excitation propagation on the mycelium network, representation of the mycelium network as a resistive and capacitive network and an experimental laboratory study on mining logical circuits in mycelium bound composites. (shrink)

La producción española de acuicultura representa el 3 % de la producción mundial y el 25 % de la europea. Esta realidad productiva evidencia apuestas decididas, aunque erráticas, iniciadas en 1982 cuando llega al Boletín Oficial del Estado el “Programa Especial de Investigación y Desarrollo en Acuicultura”. Este Plan ha sido el principal elemento dinamizador del sector empresarial, dotándolo de personal especializado, conocimientos y desarrollos. Además, el propio Plan fue el propiciador de otras actuaciones de la Administración tanto estatal como (...) autonómica, y con una clara incidencia no sólo en la investigación en acuicultura sino en el conjunto de las Ciencias Marinas en España. En los últimos años la planificación de la I+D en Acuicultura ha estado sometida a distorsiones provocadas por una trashumancia entre las ciencias y las tecnologías marinas y la producción animal (ganadería y pesca o recursos agroalimentarios). Añádase a ello la obvia descoordinación entre las instituciones en sus acciones de financiación o ejecución de la I+D y se verá que la prospectiva del Libro blanco de la acuicultura en España del año 2000 está lejos de ser transformada en acciones de potenciación de ésta. Por último, la continuidad previsible de las actuaciones de I+D en la línea de los pasados planes nacionales evidencia síntomas de agotamiento e inadecuación a las necesidades actuales de la acuicultura. (shrink)

Lists foreground multiplicity: both of objects to be pursued and, for distant objects, of far-flung networks enabling their pursuit. The future-oriented or projective list stretches such networks not only around the world but forward through time. Research agendas are one kind of future-oriented, projective list. Sketching how such lists have functioned over time, from Francis Bacon's “The New World of Sciences, or Desiderata” to today's desiderata lists, suggests how an early modern model of imperial expansion has shaped, in unintended ways, (...) a scientific rhetoric of collaborative advance on shared targets. (shrink)

Popper’s ‘Situational Analysis’ (SA) constitutes his methodological proposal for the social sciences. We claim that the two hallmarks of SA are: (i) that scientists assume they possess a ‘wider’ view of the problem-situation than actors do, and (ii) use the model as an ideal ‘benchmark’ scenario to identify thedeviationof actors’ actual behaviour from the former. We argue that SA is not a generalization of the neoclassical theory of individual behaviour but captures instead the methodology adopted by modern behavioural economists. Last, (...) we argue that SA highlights a way of acquiring knowledge that has gone unnoticed in the literature. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to define a notion of supervenience which can adequately describe the systematic dependence of extrinsic as well as of intrinsic higher-level properties on base-level features. We argue that none of the standard notions of supervenience—the concepts of weak, strong and global supervenience—fulfil this function. The concept of regional supervenience, which is purported to improve on the standard conceptions, turns out to be problematic as well. As a new approach, we develop the notion of property-dependent (...) supervenience. This notion is founded on a criterion of relevance adapting the supervenience base to the considered higher-level properties in a specific way, such that only features which are relevant to the instantiation of the higher-level properties under consideration are taken into account. (shrink)

This article considers the value of adopting a code of professional ethics for teachers. After having underlined how a code of ethics stands to benefits a community of educators – namely, by providing a mechanism for regulating autonomy and promoting a shared professional ethic – the article examines the principal arguments against codes of ethics. Three arguments are presented and analyzed in light of the codes of teacher ethics in place elsewhere in Canada. We conclude that a code of ethics (...) must meet three conditions in order for it to be favorable to autonomous judgment rather than blind adhesion to pre-established norms: openness of meaning, space for dissidence, and avoidance of moralistic language. (shrink)

The principal aim of this essay is to explore aspects of the phenomenon of moral conversation at work in ascriptions of responsibility. A corollary aim will be to understand the variety of freedom we regard as foundational to ascriptions of responsibility. To ascribe responsibility to a person is to judge that the person is accountable for her behavior. Accountability demands that a person be a moral interlocutor; being a moral interlocutor requires that a person is alert to moral reasons in (...) favor of or against the behavior in question and requires that a person is a discursive partner. So understood, ascriptions of responsibility may be characterized as resting on some version of a contractualist theory of morality, where one mark of fitness for membership in the community of moral agents is an ability to adjust one’s behavior in keeping with norms that others could not reasonably reject. (shrink)

The puzzle is this: I argue that for Reid, moral sense needs benevolent affections – i.e. some of our animal, non-cognitive principles of action – to apply the rules of duty. But he also thinks that duty can conflict with benevolent affections. So what happens in these conflict cases? I will argue that Reid takes moral psychology seriously and that he believes that our natural benevolent affections can be used as indicators of duty. Although creative, his account has a major (...) problem, because he does not resolve certain conflicts that arise between what action a duty prescribes and what action a natural affection, associated to that duty, inclines us to do. (shrink)

O presente artigo busca tecer algumas considerações sobre o desenvolvimento do Subprojeto de pesquisa Formação instaurando competência que visa verificar como os processos de formação, dado ao contexto sócio-econômico atual, estão-se organizando quanto à construção da competência, demanda recente do mundo do trabalho.

This dissertation gives what I consider to be the proper account of Edmund Husserl's theories of intentionality and meaning. This account stresses that meaning is the content of intentional acts of consciousness and thus establishes the necessary connection between meaning and consciousness. ;I also maintain that the two leading interpretations of Husserl's concept of the noema, the traditional interpretation of Aron Gurwitsch and the more recent interpretation of Dagfinn Follesdal, are unsatisfactory because each ignores some fundamental aspect of Husserl's concept (...) of the noema. Furthermore, I argue that Follesdal's misleading interpretation of the noema as a Fregean Sinn renders the connection between meaning and consciousness contingent and has facilitated the view, advanced by some recent commentators, that Husserl was primarily a linguistically motivated philosopher. ;I argue that, since for Husserl, the connection between consciousness and meaning is necessary, rather than contingent, no theory of meaning can be developed without first doing a phenomenological study of consciousness itself and of its essential characteristic, intentionality. ;In addition to this, I defend Husserl from criticisms raised against him by Martin Heidegger, Johannes Daubert, and George E. Oberlander. These criticisms are based upon misinterpretations of Husserl. I also consider a possible criticism against Husserl which might be raised by an adherent of Hilary Putnam's position that "meanings are not in the head". If meanings were mind-dependent, Putnam argues, communication would be impossible. I argue that the impossibility of communication does not follow from Husserl's position that meanings are mind-dependent. I demonstrate how Husserl accounts for communication by explaining that a speaker's intentions are intuited by a hearer when that speaker uses expressions to communicate his intentions. ;To conclude, I maintain that, because of the insightfulness of Husserl's theories of intentionality and meaning, it is imperative that phenomenologists go beyond the mistakes of the past and work to formulate an interpretation more faithful to Husserl's intentions. (shrink)

Chaos, considered a generating principle since Hesiod, is the basis in which we think the existence of the body as a locus of wisdom - but also vulnerability. Language represents a shelter for this fragility, and its place in books molds the way to express wisdom as intelligibility which projects itself into said chaos. Books speak for trees and Earth for them, in this metaphor the idea of caring for the body is the same as caring for Earth. Human species (...) in contract with nature must protect it, for its own perpetuation. The house that shelters life is expressed philosophically in this essay joined to science and poetry. (shrink)

Cognitive Science, Volume 45, Issue 11, November 2021.